Physics: The New 'Aether' - Gravity Wave Frequency and Wavelength. (The 'mathematically challenged' reader should skip sections 2 and 3)

1. Gravity Waves

There are currently a number of physicists engaged in detecting gravity waves using various techniques, one of which is a Michelson-Morley like apparatus to study the behaviour of the hypothesised gravity waves. Michelson and Morley's experiment, over a century ago, was designed to detect (or otherwise) the presence of an hypothesised 'aether' which was thought to have been the medium that conducted light waves through 'empty' space. The apparatus was a type of interferometer reflecting light beams at 90° to each other. The experiment failed to detect an 'aether drift', to be indicated by a phase shift in light waves, but in so doing proved to be a successful experiment. It yet remains to be seen what the similar experiment with gravity waves will yield.

2. Frequency Constants

As far as is known by this author, there has not been published scientific consideration that the electric, magnetic and gravity fields (E-M-G fields) may have a frequency. The highest known electro-magnetic frequencies are associated with gamma radiation, which is of the order of 10²⁵ Hz. The current electro-magnetic spectrum physics texts do not look beyond gamma radiation.

The equations relevant are E = mc², E = hυ and υ = c/λ .

These equations are quantum and relativistic in their physics and sourced from the accepted work of Planck and Einstein. [where h is the Planck constant ; c is Speed of light constant ; υ (Greek letter upsilon) is the frequency ; λ (lambda) is the wavelength and ί (iota) is this author's symbol for inertia.] Also relevant is the reciprocity of an energy to its field (or motion) such as potential to kinetic energy or electric charge to electric current for example. Space-Time units of measure make that reciprocity clear.

The Space-Time (S-T) units of measure can be used to confirm the validity of the equations used to calculate the following Frequency Constants. The three fields compared are the electric (E) field, the magnetic (B) field and the gravity (G) field. (Note that the G field and acceleration g are different physical quantities.)

                              E field                             B field                              G field

Equations       1. E _field = 1/mc²            2. B _field = 1/mc              3. G _field = 1/m

                       4. E _field = 1/hυ                 5. B _field = c/hυ               6. G _field = c²/hυ

S-T unit                 s/t = (t³/s³ x s²/t²)^-1 = s/t        s²/t² = (t³/s³ x s/t)^-1 = s²/t²          s³/t³ = (t³/s³)^-1 = s³/t³                            check                                       s/t = (t²/s x 1/t)^-1 = s/t         s²/t² = s/t (t²/s x 1/t)^-1 = s²/t²       s³/t³ = s²/t²(t²/s x1/t)^-1 = s³/t³

All six equations above correlate with the S-T units below them, indicating they are correct and equivalent. (for details on S-T units refer Appendix 1 and 2 of Paper 1, “Mass, Gravity and Unity” by this author)

Substitute the values for h and c in the equations below,

E = 1/hυ = 1/6.629x10^-34υ

B = c/hυ = 3x10⁸/6.629x10^-34υ

G= c²/hυ = 9x10¹⁶/6.629x10^-34υ

(where h is value of the Planck constant and c is Speed of light constant and υ is the frequency)

The algebra becomes

        Eυ = 1.508 x10³³ = K_E           Bυ = 4.525 x10⁴¹ = K_B      Gυ = 1.357 x 10⁵⁰ = K_G

where K_E, K_B and K_G are constants.

(Because, for example, from Gυ = c²/h, Gυ is constant because c and h are themselves constants.)

3. The G-field of varying Frequency and Wavelength

The above constants (K_{E, B and G}) allow the calculation of the frequency and wavelength of, for example, the gravitational fields of the Earth and the Sun, which vary with the gravitational field strength.

Frequency and Wavelength calculations, (given ί =1/g, λ= c/υ, υ _{G earth} means frequency of the G-field of earth, and g is the acceleration of mass caused by gravity)

Earth

Frequency υ _{G earth} = K_G /g _earth = 1.357x10⁵⁰/ 9.8 = 1.384x10⁴⁹ Hertz

Wavelength λ _{G earth} = c/υ _{G earth} = 4.613 x10^-40 metres

Sun

Frequency υ _{G sun} = K_G /g _sun = 1.357x10⁵⁰/ 274 = 4.952x10⁴⁷ Hertz

Wavelength λ _{G sun} = c/υ _{G sun} = 6.058x10^-39 metres

(Note that the G field interacts with inertia in a similar way that mass interacts with acceleration, g, which is the basis of the above equations using K_G /g to determine υ and λ. F = m g and 1/F = G ί. The Planck Constant is also the quantum of inertia. Refer Paper 3, section The Energies, by this author.)

Logic of the Mathematics above

υ _{G earth} = K_G ί _earth , (as ί = 1/g,) and ί _earth = 1/9.8 = 0.102041 kg/N, which is why the frequency of G varies between the Earth and the Sun, because of the different inertia values. (ί _sun = 0.003650 kg/N).

A maths validity check of these equations is c = υ/λ, both equations approximate 3 x 10⁸ = c.

Light speed in the sun's G-field is 2.183 m/sec slower than in the earth's G-field, (c _earth – c _sun )

and slower in the earth's G-field than in free space.

The foregoing mathematics and associated supporting references allow the following conclusions and proposals:-

4. Conclusions

1. The G-field has a variable frequency and a wavelength shorter than the Planck length (quantum of distance) in our section of the cosmos . This may be why gravity waves are so difficult to detect. They may exhibit a wavelength greater than the Planck length in areas of extremely high mass, such as near the centre of the galaxy or near 'black holes'.
2. The Sun has a less energetic G field than the Earth, and a higher mass energy, (and vice versa.) The difference in mass is obvious, but the difference in G field strength is somewhat counter-intuitive. The G-field and mass energy are mathematically reciprocal, and are different forms of the same energy, hence regions of high mass (such as a galaxy) have a lower Gravity field strength than a region of 'empty' space. The above mathematics support that view. That may explain why the universe is not homogeneous, mass energy and the G-field energy are interchangeable. (Gravity field strength, G, and acceleration of mass, g, are different quantities. For further detail refer Paper 1.)
3. The speed of light is faster in a higher energy G-field than in a lower energy G-field. Observation and the above mathematics of G-field frequency suggest that a light ray diffracted by a large mass's gravity field is diffracted because the large mass has a lower energy G-field than does free space. The light ray is bent because it is slowed, just as it is when it is slowed by the glass of a prism when moving from air to glass.
4. The G-field appears to act as that which the “aether” was expected to upon light waves in Michelson and Morley's time, and which they failed to detect. Modern science has still failed to detect it, but the mathematics suggest its modern name may be the G-field.
5. The large (and invisible) G-field energy, which is at its highest energy and frequency in 'empty' space, is a good candidate for being the elusive 'dark energy' which modern science has calculated exists, but has also failed to detect.